PNF and Movement 2024; 22(2): 233-242
https://doi.org/10.21598/JKPNFA.2024.22.2.233
Effects of Different Types of Unstable Loads on Core and Lower Extremity Muscle Activity During Squatting in Young Adult Women
Ga-Eun Seo, M.Sc.1⋅Dae-Woon Ha, M.Sc.1⋅Il-Young Yu, P.T., Ph.D.1⋅Soo-Yong Kim, P.T., Ph.D.2⋅Tae-Gyu Kim, P.T., Ph.D.1†
1Department of Marine-Sports, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University
2Department of Physical Therapy, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital
Correspondence to: †Tae-Gyu Kim (ktk7718@hanmail.net)
Received: June 28, 2024; Accepted: July 24, 2024; Published online: August 31, 2024.
© Korea Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Association. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of unstable loads on core and lower limb muscle activity during squatting.
Methods: Nineteen subjects (all females) with resistance experience but no unstable resistance experience participated in the study. Subjects performed squats under three load conditions, and core and lower limb muscle activity was measured during eccentric and concentric contractions.
Results: During the eccentric contraction, core and hip flexor activity was significantly higher with the aqua bag than with the barbell or resistance band, and for the quadriceps, the resistance band was significantly higher than the barbell. During the concentric contraction phase, core and hamstring muscle activity was significantly higher with the aqua bag than with the barbell and elastic band (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Squats with an aqua bag increase core and biceps brachii activation and can be recommended as a training method to improve trunk stability.
Keywords: Core stability, Lower extremity, Electromyography, Resistance training

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